At issue are DOE’s efficiency standards that would require furnaces and some commercial water heaters to change venting features to accommodate condensation caused by fuel combustion. HARDI and its partners argue that the DOE’s action undermines long-standing statutory protections designed to preserve consumer choice and maintain access to affordable and reliable heating options, particularly in replacement situations that do not meet the more complex venting requirements.
Housing affordability has declined significantly in recent years. The deterioration in price-to-income ratio has been a key factor, as home prices have risen 53% since 2019, while median household income has risen only 24%. This has notably decreased the share of first-time home buyers in the market, which dropped to 21% in 2025 from 44% in 1981. Over that same time frame, the median age for first-time buyers reached a record high of 40 in 2025 from 29 in 1981.