Primary Or Secondary?

The Glitch

Overview: A designer needs to connect an indirect water heater to a multiple-boiler system. He selects a hydraulic separator for the project and connects the piping of the indirect water heater on the same side as the boilers. He also specifies a motorized valve as shown in the schematic. This valve will close during the domestic water heating cycle so that one or both of the boiler circulators can drive flow through the indirect water heater.

Exercise: Study the schematic and list a few details that you think should be changed.

The Fix

One problem with the original design is that the supply temperature sensor for the multiple boiler controller is installed on the outlet side of the hydraulic separator. Most boiler controllers only have a single supply temperature sensor that has to provide feedback to the controller in both the space heating and domestic water heating modes. The sensor cannot provide accurate feedback without flow passing through the piping to which it is attached (as would be the case with the original design).

The cost of a large motorized valve is probably as much if not more than a separate circulator for the indirect water heater. The latter also ensures good flow through the tank’s heat exchanger regardless of flow through the boiler(s).

Maintaining flow through the hydraulic separator in both operating modes also allows the air and dirt separating functions of the hydraulic separator to remain in effect. Heat loss from the hydraulic separator is reduced during both operating modes by its insulating shell û this shell is an absolute must for any hydraulic separator.

The reverse return piping on the boilers, while not necessarily an error, is usually not necessary provided the header is sized for a very low pressure drop. This is almost always the case when the parallel piping paths connected to the headers each contains a circulator.

Finally, purging valves, an expansion tank, and a make-up water assembly have been added to the sub-circuits in the fix drawing.

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John Siegenthaler, P.E., is a consulting engineer and principal of Appropriate Designs in Holland Patent, New York. In partnership with HeatSpring, he has developed several online courses that provide in-depth, design-level training in modern hydronics systems, air-to-water heat pumps and biomass boiler systems. Additional information and resources for hydronic system design are available on Siegenthaler’s website, www.hydronicpros.com.